The history of autoclaves begins in the 17th century, shaped by the visions of Denis Papin and Charles Chamberland. These visionaries laid the foundations for the sterilization of medical materials and instruments using steam and high pressure.
Today, modern sterilizers are indispensable in clinics, laboratories and surgeries. They guarantee effective germ elimination and thus ensure the highest standards of hygiene. Autoclaves make it possible to sterilize sensitive devices and at the same time protect against infections. Class B models have established themselves as universally recognized in order to meet a wide range of requirements.
Key findings
- Autoclaves use steam and high pressure to destroy microorganisms.
- Safe sterilization is essential for medical work.
- An autoclave can process many types of instruments.
- Class B devices cover a wide range of requirements.
- Historical developments have shaped the current success of this technology.
- Its importance extends from the laboratory to the practice and significantly improves hygiene.
Definition: What is an autoclave?
An autoclave is a steam sterilizer with a gas-tight sealable pressure vessel at its core. Hot steam is used in this container to reliably remove germs from instruments, materials and liquids. The combination of high overpressure and temperature creates conditions that render even stubborn microorganisms harmless.
Systec autoclaves, which have been used in laboratories and industry for 30 years, offer a wide range of models. These range from chamber volumes of 23 to 1580 liters. The appliances operate at up to 150 °C and 5 bar pressure, creating ideal conditions for steam sterilization.
b autoclaves are characterized by their robust design and a sophisticated vacuum system. The temperature remains stable, while the pressure in certain phases is low enough to ensure uniform heating. This enables efficient sterilization of medical and industrial goods.
The pressure vessel remains sealable at all times, creating a safe environment. This principle is based on Denis Papin's idea, but with modern technology that makes today's steam sterilizer more versatile. In many industries, these devices are indispensable and demonstrate that advanced solutions can effectively eliminate germs.
Historical roots: the invention of the steam sterilizer
Charles Chamberland revolutionized medical technology in 1879 by building on Papin's early experiments from the 17th century. His steam sterilizer marked the beginning of the development of devices for sterilization. These devices enabled reliable disinfection and safe sterility. This was particularly important in dentistry, especially in the case of injuries to the mucous membrane or blood contact.
The Infection Protection Act and KRINKO recommendations emphasize the benefits of this technology. They also improve the cleanliness of non-critical objects.
Early laboratories and clinics quickly recognized the value of an effective sterilization process. The integration of pre-vacuum and advanced power supply into the devices increased their efficiency. Manufacturers such as melag drove the development of more powerful models. With regular maintenance, these models are capable of handling demanding tasks, including the sterilization of sensitive culture media.
Early use in laboratories and medical facilities
The invention brought enormous benefits. Rapid sterilization of surgical instruments and laboratory utensils improved the standard of healthcare. This led to the development of class B autoclaves, which were further developed as B autoclaves.
Steam, pressure and temperature: milestones in the development of modern autoclaves
From simple high-pressure vessels to modern electronics, many milestones bear witness to the power of innovation. Growing demands on sterility led to complex programs that today keep every instrument sterile. At the same time, classifications were developed to clarify when final sterilization is required.
The role of autoclaves in medicine: from infection to sterilization
Infection risks in clinics and laboratories are reduced when the correct sterilization process is used. An autoclave, a gas-tight sealable container, reaches temperatures of up to 134 °c. This eliminates germs and heat-resistant spores within a few minutes.
Class B autoclaves are indispensable for many facilities. They reliably guarantee the sterilization of instruments, for example at a pressure of around 2 bar. The way they work makes everyday life easier, as sensitive utensils are quickly reprocessed and a short sterilization time is guaranteed. An understanding of how an autoclave works, especially class B, is therefore essential.
Why safe sterilization is essential
In research and practice, the complete destruction of pathogens is crucial. Insights into class S reveal that even packaged products or porous materials can be cleaned. These methods minimize failure risks and protect patients from life-threatening infections.
"Are you looking for the right autoclave for your laboratory? We offer a large selection of autoclaves!"
Regular checks prove that the functionality of a steam device is crucial. Traditional processes usually work at 121 °c and take 15 to 20 minutes. Modern appliances manage the same process in 3 minutes at 134 °c.
Important design elements: from the pressure vessel to the vacuum pump
Autoclaves have robust pressure vessels that can withstand extreme conditions. Precise sensors monitor temperature and pressure to effectively treat fragile materials. The vacuum process removes residual air to optimally prepare the sterilization chamber. A powerful vacuum pump extracts the air and ensures even distribution of the steam.
Modern systems often rely on fractionated processes. In some cases, up to 3 beams are built up, allowing every spore to be removed. With autoclave class s, you can choose between cycles for porousitems to be sterilized, hollow items and unwrapped instruments. The combination of steam and pressure replaces pure disinfection and raises cleanliness to a new level. Careful coordination of these design elements prevents damage to sensitive materials.
Today, MELAG and Systec offer high-performance models that safely sterilize every batch. The robust design protects users and the environment from dangerous germs. The autoclave's flexible control system allows for precisely tailored programs so that even complicated processes are reliably covered. Sophisticated equipment and high-quality components increase efficiency and shape technical progress in the sterilization process.
Different classes of autoclaves: B and S class at a glance
There are three primary categories of steam sterilizers: B-, S- and N-class. B-class devices represent the pinnacle of technology and are suitable for almost all materials. They offer an effective solution against infections and are ideal for medical practices and tattoo studios. These modern autoclaves have a wide range of programs, making them a safe choice. The mode of operation is based on the principle of pressure and steam.
The procurement of such systems is uncomplicated, even when high staffing levels are required. B-class machines can work with packaged, porous and hollow batches at the same time. However, they are not always easy to find online. In contrast, S-class models are designed for less complex applications and fulfill basic requirements. However, they are not ideal for sterilizing textiles such as surgical linen.
Why class B is so important for surgeries and laboratories
These devices use fractionated pre-vacuum. An autoclave (3rd designation) in the B class enables short sterilization times with a high level of safety. Maintenance contracts offer regular checks. MELAcontrol Type 5 indicators give clear signals about compliance with sterilization conditions at 134°C. Models such as Vacuclave 105 and 305 are particularly popular as they start some programs after just 6.5 minutes.
Special requirements for class S autoclaves
S-class autoclaves are considered robust, but less flexible when treating porous products. Switching to B class often offers extended possibilities and higher temperatures. This reduces the risk of re-infection and speeds up the process in many facilities.
| Autoclave class | Highlight | Range of application |
|---|---|---|
| B | Sterilization of almost all materials | Large practices, laboratories, clinics |
| S | Limited programs for simpler goods | Smaller facilities with a clear selection of materials |
| N | Only simple loads | Hardly used in modern facilities |
The sterilization process: from the pre-vacuum to the drying phase
Sterilization aims to kill all microorganisms to ensure sterility. In steam sterilizers, temperatures are reached that are higher than normal atmospheric pressure. Din and standards define standards that ensure that pathogens are effectively eliminated.
The sterilization phase takes place at 121°c for 20 minutes or at 134°c for three to five minutes. These conditions effectively protect packaged instruments from recontamination and preserve their functionality. The moist heat that penetrates metal or glass minimizes the risk of bacterial spores. The pressure in the pre-vacuum increases to reduce residual air inside.
The drying phase then removes any moisture. An object is only considered sterile when the probability of a living germ is less than 1 in ten million. The process is divided into three phases: Vacuum, sterilization and drying. Each of these steps is essential to eliminate germs and create a germ-free environment.
To ensure that all germs are eliminated, the time can be extended at 121°c or increased at 134°c. This increases effectiveness and protects against material damage. The drying cycle removes all residual moisture and minimizes the risk of recontamination. Precise settings and regular tests are necessary to protect appliances and loads from unnecessary stress.
Modern autoclaves and how they work: Reliable in use
Modern autoclaves operate in an overpressure range with temperatures between 121 and 134 degrees Celsius. They can sterilize both wrapped and unwrapped batches per cycle. This guarantees effective class b steam sterilization, which kills any contamination and sterilization is carried out. This enables safe sterilization.
Sensors monitor the high pressure in real time to ensure that all materials are heated correctly. In medical facilities, these devices are subject to the strict guidelines of the rki. This ensures complete documentation. Their class B steam sterilization is considered particularly effective, as even the smallest germs are killed.
The overpressure range remains constant during the cycle and reprocessing takes between 30 and 60 minutes. It does not matter whether the batches are packaged and unpackaged or liquid. The sterilization process is based on strictly tested parameters. The result is safe sterilization that supports both laboratory routines and research.
High-tech functions and intuitive software continue to drive development.
Technical advancements of modern sterilizers
Today's models use smart sensors to measure the process and work reproducibly at high pressure. They detect temperature differences in real time and remain sterilizing until all germs have been safely killed. In medical facilities, the design follows the specifications of the rki, combined with automatic door locks and seamless documentation.
Areas of application: Instrument reprocessing, medical instruments and more
An autoclave from melag uses a fractionated vacuum process to completely eliminate the air content. This enables efficient sterilization of hollow instruments after cleaning and disinfection. The high demand, with over 700,000 systems sold, underlines the importance of this technology.
Some facilities prefer wrapped or unwrapped instruments, depending on the process used. Autoclaves are either permanently connected to a water supply or installed as a stand-alone unit. This flexibility supports reliable sterilization even for challenging materials.
Practice, clinic and laboratory
In these areas, an autoclave offers a variety of sizes. Melag provides large autoclaves with a volume of 100 or 200 liters, ideal for reprocessing large quantities of instruments. The sales figures of hundreds of thousands of units reflect the confidence of users.
All about cleaning and disinfection
Another autoclave, the Vacuclave 105 from melag, completes cycles in just 6.5 minutes plus the drying phase. These autoclaves speed up work processes and ensure safety when reprocessing instruments.
| Model | Volume | Cycle time | Special feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melag large autoclave 100 L | 100 liters | depending on program | Ideal for large practices |
| Melag large autoclave 200 L | 200 liters | depending on program | For clinics with high throughput |
| Vacuclave 105/305 | 2 trays | 6.5 minutes + drying | Rapid reprocessing |
Any questions? Our specialist advisors can help you with procurement
In our online store you will find items 1-60 from 133, including a wide range of laboratory equipment. If you are looking for the right sterilization method, you can choose flexibly. An autoclave meets high standards, as its design makes it easier to combat bacterial spores. It depends on the right combination of pressure and operating time, so that the sterilization time depends on the load and temperature.
Our expert advisors are available to discuss specific requirements and optimize the autoclaving process. Users who sterilize in several cycles keep the risk of germs to a safe level. Autoclaves can even be operated at lower temperatures as long as each instrument is thoroughly cleaned. This ensures that all materials remain reliably protected.
The product range includes laboratory equipment, diagnostics and disinfectants. Bestseller products are carefully selected and offered in cooperation with renowned manufacturers. Customers benefit from competitive prices, fast delivery and extensive expertise.
Conclusion
The autoclave has been an indispensable part of research and therapy for centuries. It enables efficient sterilization through the use of steam and pressure. In practice, pressure vessels must be replaced or subjected to a strength test after 15 years. The investment in such a device varies between 1,200 and 3,000 euros, whereby maintenance and validation can cost a further 1,500 euros. Devices that are more than 15 years old often no longer achieve the required efficiency.
Melag relies on diversity when purchasing autoclaves. The b-class covers a broad spectrum to safely sterilize any instrument. A high-performance autoclave is characterized by short cycle times, which promotes sustainable sterilization and minimizes the risk of errors. For laboratories and clinics, Melag offers additional models that can even reach cavities and packaged materials thanks to class b technology.
A Melag autoclave is characterized by higher efficiency. After 15 years, a strength test is necessary, which can cost up to 3,000 euros for the pressure vessel. Although the latest b-class models are more expensive, they reduce maintenance costs in the long term. These devices are indispensable for any class b application and protect against breakdowns. By avoiding compromises in reprocessing, instruments can be sterilized effortlessly and ensure successful sterilization. Autoclaves therefore make a significant contribution to protection against germs, both in the laboratory and in medical care. A modern autoclave therefore remains a reliable partner.
FAQ
What is meant by a gas-tight sealable pressure vessel in an autoclave?
An autoclave is a gas-tight sealable pressure vessel that uses high pressure and steam to kill microorganisms. The sealing means that only a small amount of air remains inside. The steam thus reaches all areas and reliably sterilizes instruments, textiles or sensitive materials.
How does a B-autoclave - B-Autoclaaf work compared to other sterilizers?
B autoclaves, also known as B autoclaves, use a fractionated vacuum process. Air is removed several times before moist steam floods all areas of the instruments. This allows even porous or hollow objects to be sterilized. Class B systems are versatile and are therefore often used in medical facilities or surgeries.
What role does maintenance and power supply play in modern autoclaves?
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure reliable sterilization in the long term. This involves checking relevant components such as the vacuum pump or seals. Modern autoclaves also rely on a stable power supply to keep the temperature and pressure constant. This is essential for sensitive applications and for compliance with DIN and standards.
Why are pre-vacuum and lower temperatures important for sterilization?
The pre-vacuum removes residual air from the pressure chamber so that the steam can penetrate even the finest structures. Some autoclaves also allow sterilization at lower temperatures. This is particularly advantageous for heat-sensitive materials or culture media. The sterilization time depends on the interaction of pressure, temperature and load.
What should I look out for when purchasing an autoclave?
In addition to the basic requirements - volume, class (B or S) and programs - the number of workers in the laboratory also plays a role. A high-performance model is recommended for the sterilization of many medical instruments. Many devices can now be compared online at a reasonable price, although the focus should always be on individual, specific requirements.
Can an autoclave also reliably kill bacterial spores?
Yes, thanks to moist heat and high pressure, an autoclave kills even stubborn spores. The autoclaving process typically includes a sterilization phase in which the steam ensures a sterile result in the shortest possible time. This ensures that pathogens, bacterial spores and spores in general are rendered harmless. After completion of the 3-bar process(fractionated vacuum technology), a high level of sterility is guaranteed.
What advantages does an autoclave from Melag offer?
Manufacturers such as Melag have many years of experience in the development of modern autoclaves. The devices are designed for safe sterilization and offer programs for wrapped and unwrapped items to be sterilized. They are characterized by user-friendly interfaces, efficient vacuum pumps and flexible options such as a fixed water connection or standalone version. This allows you to make your practice and laboratory processes as simple as possible.
What is special about class B steam sterilization?
Class B steam steril ization works on the principle of pre- and post-vacuum and high pressure. This allows the steam to penetrate everywhere so that wrapped and unwrapped instruments can be sterilized. Even hollow-body instruments are effectively reprocessed. The autoclaved contents are then not only disinfected, but also maximally sterile. This contributes to the prevention of infections and compliance with strict RKI guidelines.
